A SYSTEM TO MANAGE THE POSTGRADUATE COMPUTING PROJECTS Literature review

A SYSTEM TO MANAGE THE POSTGRADUATE COMPUTING PROJECTS - Literature survey Example So as to perform setup the board, this exploration shows that Capability Maturity Model Integration (CMMI) form 1.1, and the Project IN Controlled Environment (PRINCE) adaptation 2 points out the best possible execution of Configuration control exercises as a result of their criticality for the fruitful activity of the item in the arrangement condition. Concentrating on the likenesses and connection between's these two activities, creator has mapped PRINCE 2 Configuration Management Component to the CM procedure in nonstop portrayal. To accomplish great change results there is a need to apply fitting programming measurements on every single sub procedure and sub practice. As indicated by the author’s thought, mapping between two activities is never so natural since it requires the particular of appropriate granularity level of maps between models. On elevated level it might be difficult to get adequate comprehension of shared traits and varieties while on a low level it might bring about an enormous number of associations, make it difficult to accomplish the fitting mapping. The mapping performed by the proposed approach shows that PRINCE 2 and CMMI 1.1 nonstop portrayal manage the venture the executives by following an improved procedure the board approach. Mainly the setup the executives exercises in previously mentioned guidelines are typically corresponded to one another at higher granularity level. It is almost unfeasible to accomplish balanced mapping between these two and low granularity level in light of contrasts in process improvement approach embraced by CMMI at advancing level (Luqman, 2006). (Dr. Asim ur rehman et al., 2007), feature the significance of the comprehension of troughs about the techniques being embraced for the administration of various parts of the venture. As indicated by their perspectives, Managers while dealing with an undertaking, will in general show the inclination for a particular venture the executives technique. They think that its hard to deal with another undertaking if a disparate task the executives is received. Since they for the most part are in shy of information about how much shared characteristic exists between the liked and the new required undertaking the board approach. This exploration is fundamentally engaged towards that upgrade of comprehension of administrators by giving featuring various parts of various task the board systems. Results can be valuable by astutely consolidating amazing highlights of various philosophies. To play out the investigation five significant undertaking the executives philosophies, including PRINCE2, have been contrasted and PMBOK. Prince2 approach has certain inadequacies when contrasted and different strategies. PRINCE2 isn't intended to guarantee capable outcomes in brief timeframe. It requires profound focus from the directors to get the guaranteed outcomes and furthermore it is lacking if the task requires further extent of agreement and individu als the executives. This examination likewise features certain shared characteristics among PMBOK and PRINCE2, for example, the documentation must give adequate data to suit the event. Normally it doesn't give data about how to play out a particular undertaking or utilize any of the apparatuses portrayed. They are planned to give a concise sketch of procedures included, their

Impact Of Climate Change And Greenhouse Gases Environmental Sciences Essay

Our clime is rapidly modifying surrounding us. Ice is runing, workss are expiring, quicken creatures are in harm's way, and home grounds are being crushed. The Arctic is incredibly influenced. The ice is runing and doing H2O degrees to lift, and enliven creatures are expiring a direct result of loss of home ground. In the course of the last one hundred mature ages, the mean surface temperature has risen a little more than 1 degree Fahrenheit. ( Baker, 4 ) Climate adjustment happens due to universes and normal grounds. Universes are non being cautious and are non using their assets prudently. Universes are non taking a gander at different alternatives to help rescue the earth, and are just using what is most effortless and what we are utilized to. Atmosphere change is a genuine activity that influences universes, and enliven creatures, and if non halted will do significant destruction. Atmosphere adjustment is the expansion of the temperature of our planet. ( Morris, 4 ) Climate modification is more than only an adjustment in the conditions ; it is a change over a significant stretch of clasp. ( â€Å" What is Climate Change? † ) . Atmosphere modification occurs obviously yet adjacent to on account of universes. Throughout the late spring our planet is nearer to the Sun and becomes radiator. In the winter things get cooler since we are killed from the Sun. In any case, the ice that we have lost or has liquefied reconstructs in the winter. This is a direct result of freeze and snowfall ( â€Å" Causes of Climate Change † ) Natural temperatures have risen 1.08 evaluations Fahrenheit in the course of the last 100 mature ages. ( Baker, 4 ) Our condition is other than adjusting a direct result of human action and the nursery outcome. The nursery result is when nursery gases are caught in our atmosphere. ( Henson, 20 ) Greenhouse gases trap the warmth from the Sun in the Earth ‘s climate. This warmth prompts an expansion in the Earth ‘s surface temperature. ( Henson, 21 ) There is this bed in the mood that traps warmth to keep up our planet warm. At the point when universes discharge nursery gases, they get caught by this bed and the surface temperature rises. There are three boss gases that are viewed as nursery gases. These gases are C dioxide, methane, and azotic oxide ( Baker, 6 ) . Carbon dioxide is delivered when petroleum derivatives, for example, coal and oil are singed. Creatures, for example, cattles and sheep discharge gas as segment of their stomach related framework and through excrement. This produces methane. At that point there is azotic oxide. Azotic oxide is delivered when composts are utilized for paces and collects. ( Walker, David, 112 ) Each clasp you drive to the shop, sit in front of the Television, travel on the registering machine, drive an auto, and turn on the obvious radiations petroleum derivatives are scorched. They are singed to deliver the vitality to control things. At the point when petroleum derivatives are singed, C dioxide is discharged into the air. Since there are such a significant number of individuals thus numerous individuals effectively let go ofing C dioxide, it at long last includes and the temperature rises. ( Henson, 24 ) These gas totals are expanding on the grounds that the human populace is expanding. Atmosphere change influences nature and universes. The clime changes with a little temperature modification. In the course of the last 25 mature ages, the Arctic ocean ice nation has diminished by around five for every centum and summer ocean ice nation has diminished by 15 for every centum. ( â€Å" Melting Ice Caps † ) The defrost of ice significantly influences the supplement connection. The supplement connection is an understanding of the being of a biological network orchestrating to the request for predation wherein every utilization the accompanying typically lower part as a supplement starting. ( Webster Dictionary ) In the north-polar the enliven creatures and workss significantly rely upon one another. The supplement connection begins with the ice. Ice has green growth on it which the krill eat. On the off chance that the ice defrosts, the krill will expire out. ( Baker, 11 ) Fish eat krill, and if the krill whole reductions so will the fish entirety. Whales, walruses, seals, and polar bears, will other than be influenced. These vivify creatures will hold less supplement accessible on the grounds that they eat the fish. Indeed, even the littlest change in temperature can run the ice and do the entire supplement connection to be distracted. ( Baker, 11 ) The warming of our planet can other than sway the energize being ‘s adaptation. The vitalize creatures in the north-polar have adjusted to cold temperatures, hardly any long stretches of daylight, short turning seasons, greenery and developing periods, and have developed thick covers. Creatures in the Arctic have adjusted to the conditions so the temperature changes extraordinarily influence them. ( Baker, 11 ) There are three environments in the Arctic. These three biological systems are the Arctic Ocean, Ice Sheets, and the Tundra. The Arctic Ocean underpins fish life. The Ice Sheets give sanctuary and land to run for seals, seahorses, polar bears and some more. The Tundra bolsters life for greeneries, lichen, and gives supplement to musk Oklahoma, rabbits, and numerous reindeer. Also, in the late spring winged animals move here. ( Baker, 10 ) The Arctic Ocean is enormously influenced by clime adjustment. Temperatures are lifting the quickest here. The Arctic Ocean is the littlest sea and parts are for acceptable solidified. It incorporates the ocean and set down North of the Arctic Circle, the North Pole, and a few pieces of different states. ( â€Å" Arctic Ocean † ) The ascent in temperature is doing the ice to run. Ice and snow mirror the Sun pillar and warmth, and H2O and land do non. In light of the ice defrost, there is non each piece a lot of day off ice. The H2O and land are engrossing the warmth and Sun shafts doing temperatures to lift much more. ( Baker, 8 ) The lifting temperatures are affecting enliven creatures unnecessarily. Creatures are incredibly influenced by the clime modification. Their place is here in the Arctic and they rely upon the ice for cover and runing unending. The Arctic has numerous polar bears. Polar bears are imperiled in view of the defrost ice. In the late spring the Arctic Ice sheet defrosts. But since of clime modification, the ice sheet is runing three hebdomads prior so it did in the 1970 ‘s. ( Baker, 13 ) When the ice sheet moves north the home ground of the polar bear therapists. This powers the bears to swim significant distances to happen supplement for their family units. Most bears are acceptable swimmers yet some become tired, doing them to perish. ( Olson, 11 ) Another ground polar bears are imperiled is on the grounds that they are non happening the supplement they need in the H2O, so they wonder towards towns for supplement. Polar bears ca n't occur the supplement with the whole of fat they h ave to last the winter. The bears become slim and ca n't last doing perish. ( Olson, 20 ) Another enliven being that is in peril is the Caribou. In 1989 there were 187,000 Caribous and in 2007 there were 120,000. ( Baker, 14 ) Caribou Numberss are lessening for some grounds. Caribou eat lichen and greenery found in the Tundra. Snow aggregates are expanding which makes it hard for the Caribou to happen the supplement with the correct entirety of fat it needs. On the off chance that the Caribou does non hold bounty fat to do it through the winter, it will perish. In the late spring the greenery and lichen become green before so ordinary. This helps the Caribou however so these workss will expire out previously. On the off chance that they do non obtain a lot of the greenery and lichen and do non hold sufficient fat put away, they will at long last perish. ( Baker, 15 ) Atmosphere modification other than influences individuals. There are 28 networks in the north-polar territory and islands. ( â€Å" Canada ‘s Northern Communities † ) This is their place and clime modification has made it hard for them to run and edge. There social practices are compelled to adjust. Due to the defrost ice ocean degrees are raising doing houses to be harmed. Atmosphere adjustment could hold a massive effect on our planet in the great beyond. With the ice runing the way it is, ocean degrees could lift doing implosion treatment, and land could be pulverized. Creatures are compromised in light of the fact that their supplement and sanctuary beginnings are shrinking. A portion of these vivify creatures are imperiled now and could go nonextant. Atmosphere adjustment could other than be acceptable. The ice that is in the way could run opening ways for pontoons to get through. ( Baker, 25 ) This could help concerns take shorter ways to secure where they have to travel. One head thing that atmosphere change will affect is touristry. Tonss of individuals couldn't imagine anything better than to see these energize creatures and topographic focuses. More individuals will go to these topographic focuses on the grounds that they might be hotter, or simpler to procure to. Every twelvemonth the mean American includes in excess of 40,000 lbs of C dioxide to the air. ( Earth In The Hot Seat, 53 ) Go play football or affiliation football. Go for a stroll outside, or wing a kite on the other hand of sitting inside on the figuring machine. At the point when you spend the majority of your clasp outside you do non let go of C dioxide. Lessening the total of vitality you use is the most straightforward way to chop down your C dioxide entirety directly off. ( Earth In The Hot Seat, 54 ) If everybody is wary to what they do, how much power they use, or to what extent the stay inside, our C dioxide aggregate will wither. In the terminal this will all include and the temperature adjustments will be littler. Atmosphere change is an occupation that influences universes, and enliven creatures, and is doing adjustments to our condition. In the course of the last one hundred mature ages, the mean surface temperature has risen a little more than 1 degree Fahrenheit. ( Baker, 4 ) There are numerous associations helping with clime change. The Sierra Club is helping to do clean vitality arrangements, green travel, bound nursery gases, and use assets past coal. They are other than educating individuals about clime change so they will make their bit. Environmental Change is â€Å" Care for God ‘s Creations. † ( Seven Key Themes of Catholic Social Teachings ) We have to demo consideration for the Earth since it is part of our religion. â€Å" We are called to ensure individuals and the planet, popula

Digital Radio Rebanding Essay Example for Free

Computerized Radio Rebanding Essay In this paper we have discussed the critical need of presenting more Emergency correspondence RF frequencies. The explanation behind requiring more frequencies are twofold right off the bat the frequencies previously assigned are substantially less than required and besides every one of these frequencies required update the . We have likewise included frequencies as of now utilized for crisis systems. We have discussed a situation where the gear update became fundamental when the crisis emotionally supportive network was changed to an alternate recurrence. Later in the paper we have suggested utilizing new advanced innovations, for example, programming characterized radio, psychological radio and 802. 11 Adhoc systems for more grounded , secure, high information rate and solid correspondence. Presentation As the world is pushing forward the requirement for radio and remote correspondence can't be denied. This significance turns out to be progressively apparent in crisis conditions and times . A few frequencies from the electromagnetic range are designated for crisis time correspondence by the administrations and offices around the globe. One such organization is FCC who is liable for doling out various recurrence groups/There are some particular frequencies that are the assigned for the correspondence in crisis, a table of such allotted frequencies are introduced here. The issue is this that these frequencies are being utilized for different purposes by the specialist and so forth for correspondence or other kind of information move at different occasions and getting to these in the hour of crises gets troublesome. The airplane crisis recurrence is a lot of frequencies utilized on the airplane radio band saved for crisis correspondences for airplane in trouble. The frequencies are 121. 5 MHz for regular citizen, otherwise called International Air Distress (IAD) and 243. 0 MHz for military use, otherwise called Military Air Distress (MAD). Both of these frequenices are utilized on the universal level. Computerized Radio Rebanding It is an understand certainty that Electromagnetic range is a constrained source thus the entire electromagnetic spectra has been plunged to be utilized for explicit purposes, one of such explicit reason for existing is to utilize Radio recurrence based correspondence in time of crisis. A few explicit groups are distribute for this reason however it has as of late been felt that these groups don't give the necessary frequencies and current advanced radio will likewise not have the option to perform well in these groups. (Silva, 2001). Since these frequencies are constrained these likewise gotten swarmed at those seasons of crisis when many individuals are imparting for salvage and giving assistance. I. e on account of a significant catastrophe a few guide offices and associations approach that place, they utilize comparable hardware and get themselves incapable to convey. In this manner it is a desperate need to build the quantity of these dispensed frequencies just assigned to be utilized for crisis purposes. At a few times in the past the necessary crisis band were seen as involved and the clients were approached to stop utilizing those frequencies o n that period. One of the remarkable models is of NOAA satellites which has got its frequencies changed in February 2009 and now it can just get signals from the 406 MHz recurrence reference points. It ought to be noticed that NOAA satellite was critical in sparing at any rate 283 individuals around the world. The more established crisis reference points, working on the 121. 5 and 243 MHz frequencies, will never again be recognized. This is one of the fundamental ressons why all the gear on the ground that they use should be updated. Occasions where the crisis frameworks bombed In the ongoing history during a few calamity the requirement for ditial radio rebranding has been felt. The three significant occasions have high significance in such manner. During Hurricane Katrina, the crisis frequencies were seen as insufficient and couldn't adapt up to the prerequisites. The crisis range was extremely packed and more individuals were discovered attempting to get to the channel than the range might suit. Crisis correspondence frameworks bombed on the appalling occasion of 9/11 and caused the individuals working in those offices to assess their framework execution. The Indian Ocean Tsunami that happened in 2004 and caused roughly 350,000 passings and a lot more wounds. There could be substantially less passings if the crisis correspondence could be on advanced hardware and more ranges committed. Computerized Radio Analog frameworks, which are overwhelmingly existent in today’s crisis correspondence, are less expensive however advanced frameworks present considerably more proficient, better execution, and more noteworthy adaptability. For the open security radio correspondence has been utilized as an essential methods for correspondence for a few associations including police yet there are slight improvement in the techniques used to move data. This absence of development after some time has lead to the congestion of current frameworks and the need to discover new and better strategies to convey in that medium. Ongoing appalling fiasco raised worries about the current open wellbeing crisis correspondences and their powerlessness to suit countless clients for a brief timeframe is not kidding risky. These right now frameworks neglected to offer the sort of salvage help as it was suspected before. With the usage of advanced innovation the designated recurrence band would take into consideration the expanded utilization of the range. Current frequencies and included new frequencies that would better permit numerous organizations to speak with restricted issues when contrasted with current operational models. Shockingly more spotlight is there on improving everyday correspondence since they yield more business yet genuine concerns are there and which should be tended to as a few simple based frameworks neglected to be successful in crisis correspondence. Proposals By examining the circumstance we can without much of a stretch say that the held frequencies utilized for crisis correspondence are substantially less than what are required. Consequently more frequencies are required for crisis correspondence groups, FCC and other recurrence allotted associations need to contemplate enormously on this angle. Additionally it ought to likewise be ensured that no one aside from the approved clients utilize those frequencies subsequently on account of any crisis, the correspondence could be built up in a matter of moments. We have likewise discovered that the simple radio correspondence is wasteful consequently radio advanced telecom is vital in the hours of crisis and organizations previously working such It is likewise basic for the organizations engaged with crisis activity to have all their hardware dependent on advanced radio. It is one in which all the correspondences is finished utilizing computerized tweak strategies: here we would discuss a portion of the ongoing headway in advanced radio innovation which has expanded the reuse of frequcnices with better exchange of information, voice and video both. Programming characterized Radio is one of the promising innovations and will end up being one of the significant improvements in the field of RF correspondence. On the off chance that SDR , as it is called , is presented in crisis correspondence gear information interchanges, voice correspondences, video correspondences, would all be improved conceivable in much manners for the crisis reaction interchanges. ( Kenington, 2005) SDR is generally an assortment of equipment and programming innovations in which a couple of the radio’s working capacities, for example, physical layer handling are actualized through reconfigurable programming which is scorched into the diverse programmable processors. The SDR has now been believed to be executed utilizing field programmable entryway exhibits (FPGA), advanced sign processors (DSP), broadly useful processors (GPP), inserted frameworks or other explicit programmable processors. With programming characterized radio new advances can undoubtedly be worked to existing radio frameworks without requiring new equipment. (Reed, 2002) actually the Software characterized radio (SDR) innovation brings adaptability and cost proficiency and will be useful over the long haul for the crisis radio rebranding happens as regardless of what frequencies are doled out; just tweaking the product would empower the correspondences. Subjective radio innovation Cognitive radio can be executed uncommonly for the crisis required correspondence since this promising innovation would oblige a lot a larger number of clients than the standard simple or computerized specialized techniques. (Arslan, 2007) Recent investigations exhibited that dynamic range access can improve range usage essentially by permitting auxiliary unlicensed clients to powerfully share the range that isn't utilized by the essential authorized client. Intellectual radio was proposed to advance the range use by artful abusing the presences of range openings. ( Fette, 2009) Other Technologies Few late advances, for example, WiMAX (802. 16) may be conveyed related to customary correspondence modes to upgrade the information rate so pictures from the grievous territory may be moved to remote territories. One other innovation that is coming to fruition nowadays is 802. 11 adhoc sensor systems which may likewise be conveyed in remote regions so that if any one needs salvage they would benefit from outside assistance. The adhoc systems are as of late acquainted innovation and might demonstrate with be helpful. Today the salvage groups are fit to do significantly more for the individuals out of luck and in crisis conditions dependent on the data they have however for this they need itemized data as pictures recordings and point by point maps, The inheritance simple radio frameworks can't bolster high information rates nor are link of taking care of at the same time. End: We finish up from this investigation that not just the frequencies doled out are not exactly the required, considering the occasions where these frequencies were depleted and furthermore the hardware being used is likewise should be founded on Digital Radio. On the off chance that the new frequencies are obtained it has likewise been found

Bose, Marketing Paper essays

Bose, Marketing Paper articles Bose is the most innovative and logical speaker delivered available at the present time. The organization, Bose has been around for a little while creating fantastic sound frameworks for homes and vehicles. Bose has directed an outrageous measure of research on the nature of sound and speakers made far and wide to set them selves for in front of each different produces. Their Website, www.Bose.com, is very simple to recollect. Bose site is quite mechanical and requires a specific programs' module to get to specific pieces of their site. Bose gives you their module for nothing and tells you the best way to download and introduce it. With individuals moving into the twenty-first century PCs and web based shopping will be the flood of things to come. Shopping on Bose site makes in simple and they have lower cost than what you would get at a retail location. You can look for whatever speaker framework you want; right from PCs, to home theater frameworks. You dont need to turn into a part to shop on Bose site either, similar to some other online sound system locales cause you to do. Target Market = the objective market for Bose is more for the working class and up. The item that Bose offers is top notch sound framework gear; right from home theater frameworks, vehicle speakers to PC encompass sound. Their page is set up as an exceptionally mechanical site, implying that their item is of high caliber and somewhat more costly than if you somehow happened to go to Wal-Mart searching for a sound system. You can see some limited time exertion with their vehicle sound system. Bose utilizes certain vehicles like Acura, Audi, Cadillac, Chevrolet, GMC, Infiniti, Mazda, Mercedes-Benz, Nissan and Pontiac to enable the objective to showcase see where they go. I think the age bunch that Bose is attempting to reach is of a more seasoned gathering beginning at nineteen and up. Each one tunes in to something and they love to hear it out on a decent quality sound framework. In my opinion,... <!

Letters of Recommendation COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Letters of Recommendation COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog Many applicants recently have asked about the “ideal” combination of recommendation letters.   There is no real ideal combination, it really depends on the applicant; however let me elaborate a bit on the subject. Recommendation letters should come from one of two sources: academic or professional.   In other words, from individuals who have supervised you in the classroom or in the work place.   “Work place” is a broad term.   The work place could include internships, volunteer work, or paid full-time work.   Sometimes unpaid work is much more in alignment with an applicant’s goals and if you are choosing to do something and not get paid for it, this shows a great deal of dedication and commitment. Since SIPA is a professional school it makes sense that we would like to see at least one professional letter of recommendation.   The only combination we really do not recommend is three academic letters of recommendation.   An applicant that submits three academic letters is basically telling us that there is no one from the professional world that can comment on their ability and qualifications for graduate school. Beyond this advice, any combination will do.   If you have been out of school for several years, do not feel compelled to go back and get a letter of recommendation from a professor who did not really know you or that you have not been in contact with.   We would much rather receive letters from those that know you and that you have been in contact with in some capacity.   If you had fabulous relationships with a few professors two letters of recommendation from professors is fine. It is really up to you.   When it comes down to it what we are really looking for is a letter than not only addresses your character, but that addresses you potential to succeed in our program.   This is best accomplished in examples.   When you talk with those writing letters for you, please tell them to include examples of your competence.   It is one thing to say that someone is smart and capable; it is another to provide solid examples of intelligence and ability in the work place or in the classroom.   Be sure that you speak with those writing letters on your behalf and clarify this point.

How do Video Games Affect Hand Eye Coordination - Free Essay Example

Hand-eye coordination means how fast hand reaction speed is in relation with eye reaction speed. The cerebellum is the part of the brain that effects your hand-eye coordination. The cerebellum is used for vision. The cerebellum also keeps people on balance. It is one of three major parts of the brain. The other two are the brainstem and the cerebrum. Of the three parts, it is linked in actions the most. Studies show how many jobs involving actions are preformed better by workers that play video games. For example, it takes a lot of studying and intelligence to be a surgeon, but surgeons who play video games are better at there jobs. If surgeons play video games, then they are thirty-seven percent less likely to make a mistake and and preform the procedure twenty-seven percent faster then non gamers. The University of Toronoto did a study where they tested people that play video games and people that do not usually play video games. The first test, the participants as to ke ep the mouse on a white square. In the beginning, the results were about the same. By the end, the video game players were way better at keeping the mouse on the white square. The results proved that people who play action video game on the regular such as, Call of Duty, Assassins Creed, and Fortnite are better at learning new sensory motor tasks, and improve hand-eye coordination then those who dont play video games. We wanted to understand if chronic video game playing has an effect on sensorimotor control, that is, the coordinated function of vision and hand movement, said graduate student Davood Gozli after the experience. Who led the study with supervisor Jay Pratt. According to The University of Toronto This is likely due to the gamers superior ability in learning a novel sensorimotor pattern, that is, their gaming experience enabled them to learn better than the non-gamers. According to electronics.howstuffworks.com With 67 percent of American households playing them, video games are no longer the exclusive domain of 15-year-old boys who spend Friday nights in damp basements. Video games arent just a time suck for kids who dont want to finish homework The military is running out of UAV pilots. UAVs stands for unmanned aerial vehicle. The military may look to video game players. Li Li and Rongrong Chen along with Jing Chen conducted an experiment were they tested video games players who play both first person shooters and driving games and regular people. Everyone participated in a game were a car controlled by the participants had to stay inside two lines. During the game, wind would randomly blow on the car. The regular people did pretty good on the game, but the gamers were way better. According to pychologytoday.com They also reacted more quickly and more accurately to the crosswinds.

How Important Was Martin Luther King to the Success of the...

How important was Martin Luther King to the success of the civil rights movement? ‘Nothing mattered more to king than being an outstanding preacher. Martin Luther King had an exceptional personal some state. He was a very proud and an outspoken man. He had been ‘conditioned’ from the mere age of nine and ordained in a black church for later life purposes (1). At a young age racism surrounded him and was affected first hand. He was abused by a white mill owner purely on the colour of his skin. He also witnessed other black people suffering from violence when he saw a white mob attack and barbarically murder a black man. King was a very opinionated person and became a lead figure head publicly known on a national scale. This came to be†¦show more content†¦As a few white passengers boarded the bus and the white sections were already full so the driver shouted back at four black people including Rosa Parks â€Å"Move yall, I want those two seats†. As this demand was made by the driver 3 of the bus riders obeyed to what was shouted b ack, however Rosa Parks remained in her seat and was determined not to move. She was arrested following the bus drivers order and fined ten dollars. This, however small incited a great wave of bus boycotts which in Montgomery black people chose not to ride the bus for a period of 381 days. This still to date is known as the moment in which the civil rights movement started to gain headway. It was the will of one woman who decided it was time for black people to take a stand and from this point on Martin Luther King was assigned to take this boycott on. Although he was assigned to take this on people also felt as he was young, fresh and people had not formulated enough of an opinion of him, there was little room for him to be hated yet so he posed as the right figure to lead this. After the many days of boycotting the case of this transport issue in Alabama went to the Supreme Court. Here it was decided that segregation was declared as unconstitutional so segregation by law was noSho w MoreRelatedMartin Luther King J. And Malcolm X Essay1547 Words   |  7 Pages1960’s was an era of major conflict between African Americans and whites in the United States which led to discrimination and disorder in the states. African Americans were fortunate to have outstanding leaders who fought for a difference and change during the Civil Rights movement. Both Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X were two powerful individuals who gave hope to African Americans and oppressed people in the United States. They are both well known individuals for their Civil Rights protestingRead MoreMahatma Gandhi, Martin Luther King, and Nelson Mandela1504 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿Mahatma Gandhi, Martin Luther King, and Nelson Mandela Non-violence is a concept that people participate in social and political change without violence. It is a form of social and political change between passive acceptances and armed struggle. Non-violence way to participate in the social and political change is including nonviolent civil disobedience against, acts of civil disobedience or other powerful influence uncooperative antagonistic form; it is similar with pacifism, but it is notRead MoreBirmingham Campaign Speech Persuasive Speech1639 Words   |  7 PagesInterviewer: Good evening ladies and gentlemen, please welcome Martin Luther King Jr. Martin Luther King Jr: Good evening, it’s a privilege being here to discuss an important matter with you all. Interviewer: I hear that you re going to talk about the history of Racial Discrimination which happened in Birmingham, 1963. Martin Luther King Jr: Yes, that is true. I believe it is time for the audience to learn the truth about the Birmingham Campaign that happened in 1963. Interviewer: We are tryingRead MoreDr. Martin Luther King Research Paper1430 Words   |  6 Pages DR. MARTIN LUTHER KING JR. SPEECH â€Å"I HAVE A DREAM† Martin Luther King Jr. was born on January 15 , 1929 and died on April 4, 1968. He was born Michael Luther King Jr. but decided to change his name to Martin. Both Martin Luther’s grandfather and father were pastors of the Ebenezer Baptist Church in Atlanta. Martin Luther carried on the tradition and served as pastor from 1960-1968 (Nobel Prize, 1). He was a big part of the civil rights movement for his race. In fact he was the most importantRead MoreMartin Luther King Impact1553 Words   |  7 PagesThe Civil Rights Movement was the unification between all parts of society, the blacks, the whites, the rich, and the poor. There were several attempts by many people and groups to help bring amalgamation and equality for everyone. Martin Luther King was the key person involved in this movement, with no major competition for the overall leadership of the movement from 1957 to the mid 1960s . He attempted to alleviate the sense of crisis that pervaded America during the Civil Rig hts Era. King was theRead MoreMartin Luther King’s Policy of Peaceful Protest Essay1337 Words   |  6 PagesMartin Luther King’s policy of peaceful protest was important because it led to public sympathy of the way black Americans were treated by white Americans an example of this would be the Birmingham campaign (1963), Kennedy said he was sickened by the images of violence and the soviet media used 1/5 of their time to broadcast on it. Other campaigns that where peaceful and effective which were set up or supported by king include The Selma campaign, Montgomery Bus Boycott, the march on Washington, theRead MoreMartin Luther King Essay1422 Words   |  6 PagesDr Martin Luther King Jr. (1929 – 1968) was a Baptist minister turned prominent Civil Rights Movement leader that campaigned for the progression of civil rights in America. In his 13 years of leadership, he and his associates achieved more in attaining racial equality for the African-American populatio n than the combined efforts of activists 350 years prior, through protests, grassroot organising and civil disobedience to achieve their goal of ending racial segregation. During his leadership, fiveRead MoreA Research on The Civil Rights Movement1448 Words   |  6 Pagesabout the Civil Rights Movement (Martin Luther King Jr. Vs Malcolm X) and will be focusing on two important icons that have an important part of African American History. I am going to further discuss in this research paper, â€Å"What were the views of Martin Luther King. Jr and Malcolm X during the Civil Rights movement? What were their goals and methods to achieve equality and peace?† Both leaders wanted to unite the black race with the white race and achieve equal rights. Martin Luther King. Jr andRead MoreEssay on Analysis of Martin Luther Kings 1219 Words   |  5 Pagesand influential are the best adjectives to explain Letter from Birmingham Jail. Martin Luther King Jrs astuteness is enhanced by th e astonishing capability to show the unkind and heartless attitude against black community. Throughout the whole writing to the eight clergymen Jr. never get too far from the clash for fairness in Birmingham. As head of the South Christians Leadership Conferences (SCLC), Martin L. King, Junior., in the year 1963 acknowledged Birmingham, Alabama, as possibly the mostRead MoreFamous Thinkers Essay1309 Words   |  6 PagesThinkers Paper: Bill Gates and Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. PHL/458 Mr. McDuffie October 2, 2012 While exploring history and trying to realize the famous thinkers of our society, countless men and women stand out. Famous thinkers are individuals who used determination and critical thinking to overcome hard times in order to do well. The two famous thinkers that thrust out in my mind are Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., and Bill Gates. In this

The Pattern Of Juvenile Delinquency Is Strain Theory

Another relevant theory in regards to the pattern of juvenile delinquency is Strain Theory. In 1938, Robert Merton developed the theory of Strain to describe how social structures within society may pressure citizens (low socioeconomic status) to commit crimes. Merton felt that too much pressure to achieve goals, such as financial well-being, led to behaviors such as selling drugs. Merton’s theory relates to juvenile delinquency in that adolescents might experience overwhelming stress or pressure in their peer groups to have more money, to fit in, or to be influential. These social stressors will perpetuate delinquency because the teens will want to participate in criminal activity to solve such problems. In 1992, Robert Agnew†¦show more content†¦There are two types of strain theory—objective strain and subjective strain. Objective strain results from events that have become stressful such as the passing of a family member (Huck, Spraitz, Bowers, Morris, 201 7). Subjective strain is what an individual sees as stressful for their own self (Huck, Spraitz, Bowers, Morris, 2017). Latinos in the United States are growing at a fast rate. According to the 2007 United States Census Bureau, Latinos comprise about 14.7% of the population. Latinos have socio-cultural differences that have impacted research. For an example, there are only certain geographical locations where the majority of Latinos are located (Rodriguez Belshaw, 2010). The educational levels for Latinos are lower and the amount of income Latinos bring in is also substantially lower. Latinos also share different traditional values such as familism, respect, honor, brotherhood, and gender role differences (Rodriguez Belshaw, 2010). The social and cultural differences of Latinos may lead them to encounter a different set of stressors that can affect the juvenile delinquency of the Latino population (Rodriguez Belshaw, 2010). A study conducted by Mazerolle and Maash using data fro m the National Youth Survey examined if the stresses that Latinos experience on account of exposure to delinquent peers or values affect deviant behavior of Latino Youths (Rodriguez Belshaw, 2010). The study argued that theShow MoreRelatedThe Relationship Between Social Class and Delinquency Essays1498 Words   |  6 Pagespreconceived notions regarding the relationship between social class and delinquency. A common assumption is that lower-class juveniles are more likely to engage in delinquent behavior than their higher-class counterparts. Criminologists have performed a large number of studies examining the socio-demographic characteristics of delinquents, which often yielded contradictory results. When analyzing the extent and trend of juvenile delinquency in the United States conclusions can be drawn from estimates derivedRead MoreThe General Strain Theory And Juvenile Delinquency1715 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction The general strain theory is an established theory that provides a basic understanding relating to different elements leading to specific criminal behaviors. The theory has been of importance in trying to map criminal patterns among individuals involved in criminal behavior, thereby creating a platform for their rehabilitation. The general strain theory has had a close connection to juvenile delinquency, as it creates a platform where psychologists can define some of the key factorsRead MoreCauses Of Juvenile Delinquency. Authors John Hagan And1601 Words   |  7 PagesCauses of Juvenile Delinquency Authors John Hagan and Bill McCarthy of Cambridge University offer an insight between the relationship between juveniles and their participation to criminal activities. According to them, the primary theories they employed in understanding the dynamics of youth taking to the street are control theory and strain theory (Benjamin, 1999). Through control theory, the authors point out erratic parenting, family deprivation, neglect and abuse and other forms of parental rejectionRead MoreThe Revival of the Strain Theory Essay1272 Words   |  6 PagesResearchers are constantly looking for explanations for criminal patterns and crime rates among juveniles. They have presented many theories to serve as such explanations with strain theory being one of them; however, like many other theories, strain theory was pushed aside decades ago. It was not until recently that this theory was given new life by criminologist, Robert Agnew. Robert Agnew introduced this new development as the general str ain theory. GST was the first supposition that was not tied to socialRead MoreJuvenile Delinquency A Sociological Approach1408 Words   |  6 PagesA juvenile delinquent is an individual under the age of eighteen years old who fails to abide by the law. When identifying the causes of juvenile delinquency society can slow down or prevent the behavior by using strategies. The quality of peers, family, parenting, community and school area can all be predictors of juvenile delinquency. Theories help us explain why juveniles are engaging in delinquent behavior and it is important to understand why because it helps us explain the motives for theirRead MoreThe Theories Of Crime Causation Essay1414 Words   |  6 Pages Theories of Crime Causation Dolores Jackson Williams Colorado Technical University Juvenile offender 1. Biological theory states that the individual will have certain traits will be transmitted from parent to children through genetics and not from social learning. Along with the juvenile having similar facial characteristics, which some believe also predisposes them to criminal behavior (Palmerin, 2012). 2. Rational choice theory states that the person will make sensible and reasonableRead MoreThe Chicago School Of Sociology1624 Words   |  7 Pagesin rich and intriguing detail particular events and processes from their experience of being immersed with actual participants and getting to know their situated life patterns and belief systems† (â€Å"The Chicago School†, n.d.). The main purpose of this research is to ascertain if the Chicago school of sociology and â€Å"General Strain Theory (GST) share any type of relationship in regards to stress, criminal behavior that leads to crime, negative emotions base on the community in which they reside, and failureRead MoreThe Legal System Of School1438 Words   |  6 PagesThrough the seventeenth and eighteenth century, multiple developments that occurred in England aided in the advancements and recognition of children’s rights. Over time, these advancements affected the juvenile legal system as it emerged in Ameri ca. These changes include changes in family style and child care, the English Poor Laws, the apprenticeship movement, and the role of the chancery court. (Siegel and Welsh) Changes in family structure made a huge difference with children’s rights. MarriageRead MoreJuvenile criminal gangs have long been a significant issue with the criminal justice establishment.1100 Words   |  5 PagesJuvenile criminal gangs have long been a significant issue with the criminal justice establishment. Youths coming together to commit criminal acts normally attributed to adult and more vicious criminal organizations are now being routinely committed by juveniles. The reasons for these youths in committing the activities have somewhat baffled author tries as well as scholars and researchers. It must be noted however, that juvenile delinquency is not new; laws in the past have sought to control theRead MoreThe Strain Theory of Understanding Juvenile Delinquency Essay1879 Words   |  8 Pageshave researched and hypothesized the main contributing factors that promote juvenile delinquency. The Strain/ Anomie theory introduced by Robert Merton and later revised by s everal other theorists, attempts to explain why juvenile subculture tend to behave certain ways when confronted with pressures from everyday life. Revised by other theorists, the Strain theory attempts to provide the framework of juvenile delinquency and its sources in order to analyze the effectiveness of this assumption, as

West Side Story and Romeo and Juliet - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1184 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2019/03/13 Category Literature Essay Level High school Topics: Romeo and Juliet Essay William Shakespeare Essay Did you like this example? West Side Story and Romeo and Juliet both revolve around two rival groups and/or gangs. The film Romeo and Juliet (1968) is about two rival families, the Montagues and the Capulets, whose family feuds have gone so far back in their history that they forget the fuel behind their disputes. In West Side Story, the film involves two rival gangs: The Jets, a gang of Caucasian teenagers, and the Sharks, a gang of Puerto Rican immigrants. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "West Side Story and Romeo and Juliet" essay for you Create order Their feud begins when the Sharks try to invade the Jets’ territory in Manhattan, New York. In both storylines, a boy and a girl of opposing groups fall in love with each other despite the groups differences; But in return, their love results in their death. Between the two films, a direct comparison between the characters can be clearly observed. Tony, from West Side Story, matches Romeo’s character, while Maria matches the character of Juliet. Bernardo can be portrayed as Tybalt with his temper and need to fight, while Riff is compared to Mercutio’s personality similar to that of a jester. From West Side Story, Anita can be seen as the nurse, watching over Maria/Juliet, and Chino is in direct comparison of Paris; They are supposed to marry the key girl. Maria is set up to marry Chino, exactly like Juliet is supposed to marry Paris. In the films, the meeting of the lovers ultimately starts with a dance in which both Romeo/Tony are convinced by Mercutio/Riff to come, but for different reasons. Mercutio wants Romeo to go and forget about Rosaline by seeing the other women, while Riff needs Tony to go to help with the rivalry of the Sharks. Tony and Maria meet and experience â€Å"love at first sight† just like Romeo and Juliet at the dance. They dance together and share a kiss before they are separated and realize that they are from rival families. In both cases, a balcony scene is present. In West Side Story, T ony actually climbs the balcony and makes physical contact with Maria. Those are the major similarities between West Side Story and Romeo and Juliet. In addition to the plot structures, similar themes are present in West Side Story and Romeo and Juliet. The idea that blinded love can lead to rash decisions is highly present in both storylines. It is present in Romeo and Juliet in a sense that within simply meeting each other, Romeo and Juliet believe they fell in love with one another. Romeo proclaims, â€Å"Did my heart love till now? Forswear it, sight! For I neer saw true beauty till this night,† forgetting all about Rosaline: the very woman he claims to have loved no less than five minutes prior. Juliet tells the nurse, â€Å"Go ask his name. If he be married, my grave is like to be my wedding bed,† showing that she already wants to be married. Because of their love for each other, Romeo and Juliet think they cannot live without one another. Romeo and Juliet both end up killing themselves because they believe that they, themselves, cannot live without each other. Parallelism within the theme of Romeo and Juliet i s present in West Side Story. Tony and Maria kiss each and cannot bear to be without the other immediately preceding having just met. Tony, needing to see her again, goes to her balcony and they end up confessing their love for one another. Maria tells Tony to meet her at the bridal shop where she works the next day. During this time, they practically have their unofficial wedding in that very shop. Tony then goes to find Chino after believing Maria is dead but at the last second, he and Maria find each other and go in for a loving embrace; However, Chino shoots Tony in that very moment. Maria does not end up killing herself but does grieve over Tony’s death and eventually moves on. The demonstration of the thought that blind love can lead to rash decisions is present in both Romeo and Juliet and West Side Story. On the contrary, West Side Story and Romeo and Juliet have several differences between the two. For example, the actual rivalry is between opposing gangs in West Side Story, not families. The Montagues and Capulets of Romeo and Juliet have been fighting for so many generations that it becomes natural for them to want to fight each other. They have no purpose behind their feud besides family hate. In West Side Story, the feud begins when the Sharks begin to intrude in the Jets’ turf. Another big difference between the two films is the fight scenes. In Romeo and Juliet, Romeo acts impulsive when Tybalt kills Mercutio and proceeds to kill Tybalt right after. In West Side Story, Tony doesn’t kill Bernardo after Bernardo stabs Riff with his knife. Tony simply impales Bernardo with the knife and runs off. One of the most critical pieces to the storyline between the two films is that Romeo gets banished, whereas in West Side Story, Tony gets no immediate repercussions for his actions. He is not banished and does not go to jail, ultimately nothing happened to Tony. Without any harsh punishment, Maria does not become quite as depressed and expresses a will to live. Another significant difference is in the death scenes in each film. In Romeo and Juliet, Romeo kills himself because he believes Juliet is dead, and Juliet also commits suicide with Romeo’s dagger because she sees that Romeo is dead. In West Side Story, Tony does not commit suicide because, instead, he is shot by Chino right before embracing Maria. Since he is shot he does end up dying, yet this does not lead Maria to take her own life. Maria ends up forgiving the two gangs and moving on with her life. That is ultimately the biggest difference between the two films. In addition, Paris also dies along with Romeo and Juliet. In West Side Story, Chino is the one who kills Tony, yet he himself does not die. As a result, the movies’ twists result in a more interested audience for West Side Story due to the contemporary setting as oppose to Romeo and Juliet. It uses an abundance of modern day words and phrases that people can understand better and faster than Shakespeare’s English. Also, modern-choreographed dances shown in West Side Story are more common than big formal balls as shown in Romeo and Juliet. The dancing and singing is very entertaining to watch, and it is a good tactic for keeping the audience’s attention throughout the film. The fights throughout the dances are humorous and keep the audience’s attention rather well. West Side Story is meant to grasp the attention of young adults the most. All the characters are teenagers in the musical. Being a teenager is a big part of one’s life; One can experience love, danger, and have many opportunities to make huge choices. The characters of West Side Story encounter all those experiences, which hel ps in relating to teenagers the most.

Essay on Ethnography on Cambodian Americans - 903 Words

I chose Cambodian Americans for my target culture because it was a place I knew very little about. My ignorance of that side of the world is laughable to say the least. Cambodian American was a great choice because both the people and the culture are very captivating to me. While some Cambodian Americans become very westernized, accepting most of America’s cultural norms, some hold strong to their Cambodian traditions and way of life. Through Geert Hofstede’s Taxonomy, I will explore the dynamics of the Cambodian American culture. Through Identity, Hierarchy, Gender, Truth and Virtue I will attempt to describe a culture previously virtually unknown to me. I chose Hofstede’s Taxonomy over Bond’s because Michael Bond himself told me to.†¦show more content†¦While most Cambodian Americans are loyal to their own family units it is not uncommon for them to be hesitant about close interaction with strangers even other Cambodians. The hesitation that so me Cambodian Americans face when meeting with strangers is due to the fact that the Cambodian culture is one of high power distance. Hierarchy is determined usually by age or economic status. Social hierarchy of age is evident in the greetings. Depending on who you are greeting determines the type of greeting. If one were to greet someone who is Cambodian, they should do the formal put hands together and bow. At chest level to someone who is of the same age or status, at mouth level to a superior such as a boss and at nose level to someone who is an elder, such as a grandparent. (Vorani) If greeting someone who isn’t Cambodian, we just normally do the American â€Å"hi† while waving. It just really depends. For the Cambodian culture, we have to make sure we greet using again the hands together while bowing especially to those who are older than your parents. You also have to say a formal saying in Khmer but I forgot the translation for it in one must to refer them as â€Å"ming†, â€Å"bou†, or â€Å"orm†. This is based on both age and gender. (Eam) There is a clear delineation between superiors and subordinates and between the young and the old. (Serpa) While the Cambodian culture itself is more feminine there is a high level of respect paid to the men of the household. The

Nonsmokers A Prospective Study Free Essays

In 2006, Rudolf bertagnoli and his team published a study investigating the effects of smoking on patients who have undergone Lumbar total disc arthroplasty. â€Å"Smoking has always been considered to a negative predictor for fusion surgery.† (Bertagnoli. We will write a custom essay sample on Nonsmokers: A Prospective Study or any similar topic only for you Order Now R, 2006) Not many studies have been undertaken to observe effects of smoking on the procedure of Total arthroplasty and the recovery afterwards in smoking and non smoking patients. Some research suggests that smoking prevents or reduces the bones ability to grow into the prosthesis. Delay in recovery and decrease in over all success of the implantation procedure have also been blamed on smoking. (ProDisc Total Disc Replacement, 2008) â€Å"The aim of the study was to evaluate the changes in functional and disability outcomes within a period of two years minimum in smoking and nonsmoking patients who have undergone the artificial disc replacement therapy.† (Bertagnoli. R, 2006) The Null hypothesis and the Alternate hypothesis proposed were as follows. Null Hypothesis: Smoking has no detrimental effect on success of artificial disc replacement (ADR). Alternate Hypothesis: â€Å"Smoking has a detrimental effect on the success of artificial disc replacement (ADR).† (Bertagnoli. R, 2006) A cohort study was conducted with an initial sample of 110 patients between March 2000 and April 2002. The inclusion criteria for the sampling included, smokers and non smokers, age between 18-65 years, â€Å"disabling low back pain and some radicular pain secondary to single-level lumbar spondylosis† (Bertagnoli. R, 2006) , patients undergoing minimum of 2 year follow up and assessment, and lastly failure of medical treatment. They excluded â€Å"patients with spinal stenosis, osteoporosis, prior fusion surgery, chronic infections, metal allergies, facet arthrosis, inadequate vertebral endplate size, more than one level of spondylosis, neuromuscular disease, pregnancy, Workers’ Compensation, spinal litigation, body mass index greater than 35, and/or any isthmic.† (Bertagnoli. R, 2006) Patient’s smoking status was recorded through questionnaires. Preoperative aspects of the lumbar anomaly were recorded radiographically. Outcome measurements were recorded at 3rd, 6th, 12th and the 24th month after undergoing the procedure. The procedure success and recovery progression was noted using the Visual Analog Score (VAS) and the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI). Questionnaires recording the back pain, pain drugs usage and patient satisfaction were also used. Preoperative and postoperative radiographical assessment of the back was also used to observe the recovery progression in both, the smoking and non smoking group of patients. Dependent variables included Smoking and Non smoking group. Whereas the independent variables included VAS, ODI, patient satisfaction, leg pain, work rates (postoperative), and drugs used postoperatively. Statistical analysis was done as it was found that even though there was significant changes between preoperative and postoperative variable like VAS, ODI, patient satisfaction, relief of leg pain work rate etc but no statistically significant differences were found between these outcomes of smoking patients when compared with nonsmokers. Therefore, the study fails to reject the null hypothesis, which still stands, i.e. â€Å"Smoking has no detrimental effect on success of artificial disc replacement (ADR).† (Bertagnoli. R, 2006) The research was conducted in a controlled manner excluded many bias.   But further studies need to be conducted with larger sample sizes to further explore the role of smoking if any, in the success of disc replacement. Also there is need for exploring the link between blood levels of nicotine and success of procedure as well as the effects of smoking and indicators of bone adherence to the prosthesis needs to be further conducted. Couple of questions that come to mind, if nicotine plays such great inhibiting effect on the bone and collagen growth as the study claims, then why wasn’t the effect of smoking   on growth factors and their monitoring not included in the study. Also, if as the researchers claim, that nicotine has an analgesic effect on patient, was it not included as a component in the study? REFERENCES Bertagnoli. R., Yue. J.J., Kershaw.T, Shah.R, V., Pfeiffer. F, Fenk-Mayer, A, et al. (2006). Lumbar Total Disc Arthroplasty Utilizing the ProDisc Prosthesis in Smokers versus Nonsmokers: A Prospective Study with 2-Year Minimum Follow-up. Spine, 3, 992-997. ProDisc Total Disc Replacement (2008).   Spine Service- Sydney, Australia, retrieved on February 29th, 2008, from http://www.spine-service.org/dr.html ; ; ; ; ; How to cite Nonsmokers: A Prospective Study, Essay examples

Financial Performance of Watley Company †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Financial Performance of Watley Company. Answer: Introduction In every business, there is always a concern for the financial performance and what measures are needed to improve the financial performance of the organization. There are many ways to analyse the business performance and among them ratio analysis is very useful as it helps to evaluate the performance of the current year as well it helps to compare it with the financial performance of previous years. In this report financial performance of the Watley Company has evaluated using the ratio analysis in part A and comments are made on the financial performance of the company in part B with some recommendation. Ratio Analysis of the Watley Company: Liquidity Analysis Liquidity analysis helps in ascertaining the short term financial health of the company and provides the information on how the company manages the payments in respect to the current liabilities. Some of the important ratios of the liquidity analysis are current ratio, quick ratio, and working capital ratio. In this report there is need to calculate the ratio for each category so current ratio has been selected (Bender, 2013). Current Ratio: It is very important liquidity ratio as it provides availability of the current assets over the current liabilities. Current ratio measures the liquidity performance of the company provides the information about the short term performance in respect to payment required to make to suppliers and other short term liabilities. Formula: Current Assets/Current Liabilities Watley Company Financial Data Years Financial Items 2014 2015 Current Assets 300,000.00 480,000.00 Current Liabilities 270,000.00 210,000.00 Current Ratio 1.11 2.29 Activity Analysis In order to carry out the business there is need to carry out various activities in order to have sufficient flow of cash and other resources in the business process. Some of the important activities that business performed to maintain proper flow of cash in the business are inventory management, debtors management and creditors management. In this respect some of important activity ratios are inventory turnover ratio, debtors turnover ratio etc. In this analysis debtors turnover ratio will be calculated to notice the performance of the company in respect to collection of outstanding amount form the debtors (Besley and Brigham, 2014). Debtors turnover ratio or accounts receivable turnover ratio: This ratio is very important from financial performance point of view as it provides information on frequently company collects their outstanding debt amount from their customers in order to have proper flow of cash in the business. Formula: Average Credit sales or Sales /Account Receivable or Debtors Watley Company Financial Data Years Financial Items 2014 2015 Account Receivable 160,000.00 260,000.00 Sales 3,290,000.00 3,520,000.00 Debtors turnover ratio 20.56 13.54 Profitability Analysis Profitability analysis aims to examine the earning capacity of the company through effective use of the resources of the company. Company procures various inventory and fixed assets to manufacture the desired product and services in order to supply them to the customers. Proper management of assets will help the company to earn the maximum sales revenue and provide increase in the profit for the shareholders. In order provide the profitability analysis, the return on asset ratio has been calculated as it is very important ratio in this segment (Brigham and Ehrhardt, 2007). Return on Assets: In this ratio return means the percentage of profit earned using the resources of the business. As the ratio is in relation of the assets, this ratio will provide information regarding the percentage of the profit earned on the assets of the company. Here profit means the net profit of the company and asset means total assets i.e. both fixed assets and current assets. Formula: Net Profit/Total Assets Watley Company Financial Data Years Financial Items 2014 2015 Net Profit 400,000.00 300,000.00 Total Assets 1,550,000.00 1,630,000.00 Return on Assets 25.81% 18.40% Solvency / Gearing Analysis Capital structure in the any business organization plays very important role in the profitability of the company. There are mainly two types of capital, debt capital and equity capital. Equity capital refers to the owner capitals and there is no fixed charge on this capital. On the other hand debt capital is the borrowed capital and company has charge on the profit in form of the interest. Debt equity ratio will be calculated in this analysis to check the percentage of debt as compare to equity capital (Henderson, 2015). Debt Equity Ratio: This ratio tells the percentage of debt capital as against the equity capital. Lower debt capital in comparison to the equity capital shows that company depends on the equity capital mainly and more profit available for distribution to the shareholders of the company. Formula: Debt /Equity Watley Company Financial Data Years Financial Items 2014 2015 Debt 200,000.00 200,000.00 Equity 1,080,000.00 1,220,000.00 Debt Equity Ratio 18.52% 16.39% Financial Analysis In this part, critical analysis of the above calculated ratios will be done: Current Ratio: Current ratio of the company was 1.11 times in year 2014 and it was increased to 2.29 times in year 2015 that indicates that there is significant increase in the current assets of the company as against current liabilities. So it can be said that liquidity performance of the company is very strong in year 2015 as compared to year 2016. Although, it can be said that in both years company has been successfully able to meet the current liabilities expenses. Debtors turnover ratio: The debtors turnover ratio is 20.56 times in year 2014 and it was further reduced to 13.54 times in year 2015 that indicates that company activity efficiency is reduced in year 2015 as compared to year 2014. Return on Assets: Company has earned the profit of 25.81 % in year 2014 and it was reduced to 18.40 % in year 2015. It can be said that profitability of the company in respect to return on assets was good but there has been too much decline in profitability percentage in year 2015 as compared to year 2014. Debt Equity Ratio: Debt equity ratio is 18.52 % in year 2014 and got reduced to 16.39 % in year 2015. It can be said that capital formation of the company was excellent in both the years and there is positive decline in year 2015 that shows positive change in the capital formation of the company. Recommendation and conclusion On the basis of the overall analysis it is advised to the company to make proper strategies to collect the accounts receivable in shorter period of time in order to improve the debtors turnover ratio. There seem that company profit has declined in year 2015, so it is advised to have proper control on the expenses of the company like cost of sales and salaries wages has increased a lot in year 2015 as compared to year 2014, that can be easily controlled if proper measures taken. References Bender, R. (2013). Corporate Financial Strategy. Routledge. Besley, S. and Brigham, E. (2014). Principles of Finance. Cengage Learning. Brigham, E. and Ehrhardt, M. (2007). Financial Management: Theory Practice. Cengage Learning. Henderson, S., Peirson, G., Herbohn, K. and Howieson, B. (2015). Issues in Financia Accounting. Pearson Higher Education AU.

Java Programming Principles

Questions: Task 11.1 Discuss the principles, characteristics and features of programming in Java.1.2 Critically evaluate the environmental flexibility of programming in Java.Task 22.1 Design a Java programming solution based on the above scenario.2.2 Explain the components, data and file structures required to implement a given design.Task 33.1 Implement a Java programming solution based on a prepared design.3.2 Define relationships between objects to implement design requirements3.3 Implement object behaviours using control structures to meet the design algorithms.3.4 Identify and implement opportunities for error handling and reporting.3.5 Make effective use of an integrated development environment including code and screen templatesTask 44.1 Critically review and test a Java programming solution.4.2 Analyse test results against expected results to identify discrepancies.4.3 Evaluate independent feedback on a developed Java program solution and make recommendations for improvements.4.4 Create user documentation for the development of Java programming solution.4.5 Create technical documentation for the support and maintenance of a Java programming solution Answers: Introduction Java is an example of an OOP (Object Oriented Program) (Klein, 2005). So it must support all the basic principles of an OOP language (Okal, 2012). Thus the principles of java and hence of an OOP language is- Encapsulation: This means binding together of date and then putting them under a single block. In a car, there are a large number of systems that co-exist together(Mittal, 2013). Changing the gears does not turn on the headlights and bulling brakes does not accelerate the car. Hence all these systems are at the same place and are controlled by a single person (driver) but none is interfering with each other with their functioning. The basic example of encapsulation can be obtained from the classes that are used in java. These classes contain the entire block of code within them and no other program can access them unless specific rules are followed. If the methods of a class are declared private, them they cannot be overwritten(Lakkis, 2007). Also if a class is declared private, then the class can only be inherited and no object creation can be allowed for that class anywhere within the program. Hence that class and its methods are protected by encapsulation (Rebek, 2005). Inheritance: This is another OOP principle which enables the program to inherit the properties from another class (Flanagan, 2005). The inherited class is called the parent class while the classes that inherit the parent class are termed as child class. Now for inheritance the child class gets all the methods and variables of the parent class. Also the Object of the parent class can be created with the reference of the child (Raposa, 2003). There are two forms of inheritance-multiple, multi-level. In multiple inheritances, more than one class can be inherited at the same time. Consider an example in case of an airport an aircraft uses its landing gear to make turns, take-off, and land on the landing strip. Also it is primarily used for flying. In that respect the aircraft is a flying vehicle and it is also a ground-vehicle (since it can move on the landing strips) (Link and Frlich, 2003). Hence the aircraft inherits the properties of both these classes at the same time. This is multiple inheritan ces. In multi-level inheritances, only one class can be inherited a t a time. But there is a type of hierarchy.This means that if A class inherits B, then C inherits A, C gets the methods of A by default. Example golden retriever is a dog, which in turn is a mammal which in turn is an animal. So this makes Golden terrier a mammal, an animal, and also a dog (Cadenhead, 2012). This is termed as multi-level inheritance. Polymorphism: This word comes from the Greek words poly meaning means many, morph means form. Hence polymorphism means many forms (Eckel, 2000). This means that a single problem in java can be approached from three different ends. In a normal programming language, that does not implement any OOP principles (Link and Frlich, 2003), if we were to implement a stack for different data types, then we would have needed 3 or four different structures with different names. In each case the same algorithm is being used only the data types used are different. But in JAVA we can name all these under the same implementation of stack (Sierra and Bates, 2005). Hence our work is greatly reduced and we are also able to use the same name for different implementations of the same program. In JAVA polymorphism is simply implanted by the use of interfaces (Byrne and Cross, 2009). If a class implements an interface then it must implement the methods that are written in the interface. Characteristics of java: It is simple to code and decode. It is an object oriented programming language (Hubbard, 2001). It is highly secure. It can be implemented on any form of machine. The main reason for this is java compiles the program into byte code (Riccardi, 2001). Now this byte code file is not compiler dependent, hence the file can run on Windows, Linux, and Mac etc. It has in-built support for multithreading. The most important part of java program comes from its usage to code applets and hence is used extensively for coding websites. It can be used to code and run graphical applications. It is robust as it is error-free and has severe typing restrictions and also various run-time checking methods are used (Wampler, 2002). It supports the use of interfaces. It can be easily linked to any other program. There is inbuilt support for garbage collection and it has a very simplified exception handling capabilities. Task 1.2 JAVA provides a great flexibility to the programmers. Often when we create program, other people may change the basic functions created, or overwrite them. This may lead to crashing of the program (Horstmann, 2008). In JAVA, this problem is completely avoided by adding the prefix final; as a result this class or method to which the prefix is added cannot be altered in any way. Also the use of interfaces makes programming easier (Horstmann, 2005). Any class in java that implements the interface must overwrite the methods that are mentioned within the interface. Also the use of keyword abstract, allows the user to use declared methods without any sort of body. Also any class that inherits this abstract class must override this method within it. The garbage correction algorithm of java is also very unique and advanced. There is no need for releasing the allocated memories (as in case of C++), because in java, when the compiler cannot find the reference of any object it deletes the objec t any kind of variables that it was holding (Morelli, 2000). Also the exception handling capabilities of java is extremely helpful. In C, when there was an arithmetic exception like division by 0, the program used to hang and had to be stopped manually, but in JAVA, the program gives the location of the place and also the cause of the problem and exits the program. This is extremely helpful for debugging large programs. Task 2.1 The above task has told us to design a java program that can act as a student database manager. It must be able to take in the students first name, last name, their date of birth, their ID number, course enrolled by them, mobile number, their address etc (Lewis and Chase, 2005). Now the administrator must be able to view the details of any student he wishes. He must also be able to delete the entire database, or a single student, update and also enter the details of any student. In order to do all this with a JAVA program, we must first build a class named student that can contain these variables with data within it. This class can then be manipulated from the main class by creating an object for each student. Then all these objects must be linked somehow to form an entire list of students which are really classes with each one holding their own respective data. Also care must be taken to note that the entire system can only handle a maximum number of students. Task 2.2 In the given problem, we are describing a class named Student that has the variables for holding data like last name, first name, DOB, Address, mobile number, etc. All these variables have their respective data types like address is stored in a string, DOB in float, etc. Now, in the main program named, StudentDatabaseManagement an array of Student objects are created of size 200. This means that the database is capable of holding 200 students. This number can be increased or decreased by editing the array size of the object array in the main program. Now, we use a switch case algorithm which allows us to have many options like entering details of a student, clearing the database, deleting a student, viewing the students etc. In the main program, we have a special variable that is used to track the number the number of students. This number is incremented when a new student is admitted to the database. Now also in each student object there is a variable to track the number at which he / she has been admitted into the database. This is important because in case of deletion, a space in the middle of the array is empty (Deitel and Deitel, 2012). Hence, in such a case we must shift the students below that space to make the array a continuous one with no empty spaces in between. As a result the array can only be empty from the end. There should not be any gap in between the array to conserve the space. The algorithm required to shift the students one space above is located under the case that is responsible for deleting the students and it also decrements the variable that is used to track the total number of students in the array. Also, proper control checks are provided at each level so that the age limit for entry into the institution can be set. This is done by using a variable that holds the year after which the candidate must be born in order to take admission. If the year is before that specified a error message is displayed. Various exception checks are also p rovided so that proper data is entered into the proper cases. When the entire database is empty, then a proper error message is displayed and similar thing when the database is empty. Task 3.1 The code of the main program is given below. It consists of two classes namely Student, StudenyDatabaseManagement (main class). StudenyDatabaseManagement packagestudentdatabasemanagement; importjava.util.Scanner; public class StudentDatabaseManagement extends Exception{ public static void main(String[] args) { int index=0; int cases; boolean switching=true; intallowed_date=1988;//sets age limit for entry Student[] studentdatabase=new Student[200]; Student[] studentdatabasecopy=new Student[200]; for(int i=0;i10;i++) { studentdatabase[i]=new Student(); studentdatabasecopy[i]=new Student(); } Scanner s=new Scanner(System.in); while(switching){ System.out.println("Enter your choice:n1)Enter Studentn2)See all Studentsn3)see single Student detail"); System.out.println("4)Delete all studentsn5)Updaten6)Delete single studentn7)Exit"); System.out.println("Enter your choice"); cases=s.nextInt(); switch(cases){ case 1: { try { if(index==10){ throw new Exception(); } } catch(Exception a){ System.out.println("Database full"); } index++; studentdatabase[index]=new Student(); System.out.println("Enter the roll number of the student(max 10 digits):"); studentdatabase[index].stud_roll=s.nextInt(); s.nextLine(); System.out.print("Enter the last name of the student:"); studentdatabase[index].stud_lastname=s.nextLine(); System.out.print("nEnter the course under which student is enrolled:"); studentdatabase[index].stud_course=s.nextLine(); System.out.println("Enter the month when student was born in digits:"); studentdatabase[index].stud_mon=s.nextInt(); while(studentdatabase[index].stud_mon12) { System.out.println("Wrong Data, Re-Enter:"); studentdatabase[index].stud_mon=s.nextInt(); } System.out.println("Enter the date when student was born in digits:"); studentdatabase[index].stud_date=s.nextInt(); while(studentdatabase[index].stud_date31||(studentdatabase[index].stud_date28studentdatabase[index].stud_mon==2)) { System.out.println("Wrong Data, Re-Enter:"); studentdatabase[index].stud_date=s.nextInt(); } System.out.println("Enter the year when student was born in digits:"); studentdatabase[index].stud_year=s.nextInt(); if(studentdatabase[index].stud_yearallowed_date) { System.out.println("Your ward is not admissable"); switching=false; break; } s.nextLine(); System.out.print("Enter the first name of the student:"); studentdatabase[index].stud_firstname=s.nextLine(); System.out.println("nEnter the mobile number of the student:"); studentdatabase[index].stud_mob_no=s.nextLong(); s.nextLine(); System.out.print("Enter the address of the student:"); studentdatabase[index].stud_add=s.nextLine(); studentdatabase[index].stud_no=index; break; } case 2: { if(index==0){ System.out.println("Database Empty"); } else { for(int count=1;count=index;count++){ System.out.println("Name of student: "+studentdatabase[count].stud_firstname+" "+studentdatabase[index].stud_lastname); System.out.println("Roll no: "+studentdatabase[count].stud_roll); System.out.println("Course enrolled: "+studentdatabase[count].stud_course); System.out.println("DOB: "+studentdatabase[count].stud_date+"/"+studentdatabase[count].stud_mon+"/"+studentdatabase[count].stud_mon); System.out.println("Address: "+studentdatabase[count].stud_add); System.out.println("Mob no: "+studentdatabase[count].stud_mob_no); } } break; } case 3: { try{ if(index==0){ throw new Exception(); } } catch(Exception a){ System.out.println("Database is empty."); break; } int roll2; System.out.println("Enter student roll no:"); roll2=s.nextInt(); for(int count=1;count=index;count++){ if(studentdatabase[count].stud_roll==roll2){ System.out.println("Name of student:"+studentdatabase[count].stud_firstname+" "+studentdatabase[index].stud_lastname); System.out.println("Roll no:"+studentdatabase[count].stud_roll); System.out.println("Course enrolled:"+studentdatabase[count].stud_course); System.out.println("DOB: "+studentdatabase[count].stud_date+"/"+studentdatabase[count].stud_mon+"/"+studentdatabase[count].stud_mon); System.out.println("Address"+studentdatabase[count].stud_add); System.out.println("Mob no:"+studentdatabase[count].stud_mob_no); break; } } break; } case 4: index=0; break; case 5: { System.out.println("Enter the roll number to update the records"); int roll=s.nextInt(); for(int i=1;i=index;i++) { if(roll==studentdatabase[i].stud_roll) { System.out.println("Enter the roll number of the student(max 10 digits):"); studentdatabase[index].stud_roll=s.nextInt(); s.nextLine(); System.out.print("Enter the last name of the student:"); studentdatabase[index].stud_lastname=s.nextLine(); System.out.print("nEnter the course under which student is enrolled:"); studentdatabase[index].stud_course=s.nextLine(); System.out.println("Enter the month when student was born in digits:"); studentdatabase[index].stud_mon=s.nextInt(); while(studentdatabase[index].stud_mon12) { System.out.println("Wrong Data, Re-Enter:"); studentdatabase[index].stud_mon=s.nextInt(); } System.out.println("Enter the date when student was born in digits:"); studentdatabase[index].stud_date=s.nextInt(); while(studentdatabase[index].stud_date31||(studentdatabase[index].stud_date28studentdatabase[index].stud_mon==2)) { System.out.println("Wrong Data, Re-Enter:"); studentdatabase[index].stud_date=s.nextInt(); } System.out.println("Enter the year when student was born in digits:"); studentdatabase[index].stud_year=s.nextInt(); if(studentdatabase[index].stud_yearallowed_date) { System.out.println("Your ward is not admissable"); switching=false; break; } s.nextLine(); System.out.print("Enter the first name of the student:"); studentdatabase[index].stud_firstname=s.nextLine(); System.out.println("nEnter the mobile number of the student:"); studentdatabase[index].stud_mob_no=s.nextLong(); s.nextLine(); System.out.print("Enter the address of the student:"); studentdatabase[index].stud_add=s.nextLine(); } } break; } case 6: { System.out.println(" Enter the roll of the student to be deleted:"); introlldel=s.nextInt(); for(int i=0;iindex;i++) { if(studentdatabase[i].stud_roll!=rolldel) { studentdatabasecopy[i]=studentdatabase[i]; } else { for(int j=i;j(index-1);j++) { studentdatabasecopy[j]=studentdatabase[j+1]; } for(int k=0;kindex;k++) { studentdatabase[i]=studentdatabasecopy[i]; }index--; break; } } break; } case 7: switching=false; break; } } } } Student package studentdatabasemanagement; public class Student { String stud_firstname; String stud_lastname; longstud_mob_no; int stud_roll; intstud_no; String stud_add; String stud_course; intstud_mon; intstud_date; intstud_year; } Task 3.2 In this program we are defining a special class that can hold the different data like DOB, first name, last name, address, etc. Now all these have different variables with respective data types. In the main program we are creating an array of 200 students (Shankar, 2013). Hence the net size of the database created is 200. But defining an array is not enough, in the switch case menu the case that is responsible for the entry of new students, for each student a new "student" class object is defined using the "new" keyword. All the objects created have a reference under the array of "student" classes. Hence each time we want to view a student, we are actually calling to see the data held by each of these objects. The students are tracked by a special variable called index. The value of this index variable gives us the number of objects in the database (Horstmann, 2012). Now this index is each time edited when we enter a new students details. At this point we increment index (Horstmann, 2013). Also each of the students has a number allotted to it called student_no. This is kind of a serial number that gets replaced during deletion. Task 3.3 Various control structures were used in the above program. These included looping systems like while, for loops and also other control statements like if, switch etc. The switch case, which was enclosed in an infinite while loop, was used to switch between the various tasks that were to be performed by the program. The infinite while loop ensured that the switch case statements were shown continuously. Also if the infinite while was not used then to view, enter or update the details of a student each time the program had to be restarted. This can be quite tedious, to say the least (Barnes, 2000). This infinite while loop was maintained by enclosing a Boolean variable (whose value was set to be true) within the condition of the loop. There was an exit condition among the cases that turned this Boolean value to false, hence when the loop tried to run the next time, it exited because while (false) is not allowed. In various cases, the if control statement was used, for checking various values, like if the date of birth was entered 31(by mistake), or the month was entered12 (by mistake). If they were not then (that means correct date and month were applied) then the control statement was avoided. Else the control was transferred to the statements written within the control loop (Keith and Schincariol, 2006). Task 3.4 Exception handling mechanisms are quite useful in java programs. There are many kinds of exceptions in java namely Arithmetic Exception, Array out of bounds exception, etc. They are used to detect the unwanted cases that may cause an error in the program, which in turn may result in crashing of the program. The exception handling capabilities of java are very unique. In case of other programming languages (like c), the program would have crashed if a fatal error like divide by 0 would have occurred. But in Java this does not occur. When java finds an exception in a program, then it stops the execution at that point and throws the exception to the exception handling mechanism. The exception handling mechanism copies the line number where it finds an exception and sends it to the user on the screen along with the cause of the error. Also in case of java we can define our own exceptions and hence not depend on the program to give its own values. Example the age of a man cannot be negati ve, hence in a program if someone entered a negative age then by setting up a proper exception, we can define a proper exception and hence the user gets an error when he/she is trying to enter the incorrect age.In this program, we have used exception handling capabilities of java to make our own exceptions. Here we have used the concept of exception handling at two places. These are checking if the array is full or if it is empty (Reiersl, Baker and Shiflett, 2007). This is quite important as we must make sure that the array is not full each time we try to enter a new student. This is important as if it was not checked, and then the compiler would throw us an exception for overstepping the array bounds. Task 3.5 In this programming an IDE was used. An IDE or Integrated Development Environment is a platform that is used extensively by programmers and software developers alike for development of particular software or even a program.Netbeans was the IDE that was used in the development of this project. The use of IDE has made programming very easy and comfortable. In normal case we could have coded the program in a notepad and then run the program on command prompt to see if there were any errors. But this can be difficult as the command prompt does not give us specific results to what the problem is. It merely gives us the error that was given by the exception handling part of Java runtime. Now for a beginner this can be quite difficult as he is not fully acquainted with all the programming terms. Also the command prompt window does not give any hint to what might have caused the error. But his use of an IDE eliminated all these difficulties. In an IDE, the lines that could an error are detec ted straightaway when they are written by the programmer. In case of using a command prompt, the programmer would have to wait until running the program to get the errors. Also the IDE reduce coding efforts by providing various suggestions according to which a thing can be coded. For example in Netbeans, if we write so and then press Ctrl+Spacebar on the keyboard. Then the written word transforms into System.out.println(). Also during writing variables for loops the available and valid ones were shown on pressing the hint button. Below a few screenshots of the program on Netbeans is shown.

Analytical Response Essay Sample

Analytical Response Essay SampleAn analytical response essay sample should be short and sweet, making the grade and highlighting the individual's strengths. It is not merely an expression of the author's personal views; rather, it is the writer's opinion on a given issue. An essay of this nature should be lively and original, capable of generating lively discussion. In fact, it should be able to capture and hold the attention of both student and professor.An analytical response essay sample should show a reader that the writer is eager to engage in discussion with them. The essay must clearly point out your point of view on the topic, while not being too overbearing in its coverage. Moreover, it should be logical and concise.There are essays out there that are too lengthy and are difficult to understand. You must avoid writing long essays. Instead, cut out portions that you think are superfluous and elaborate on those parts that you deem as crucial. This will prevent your essay from feeling like a muddle and will make it easier for you to write in the first place.Although essay samples are meant to be the same for everyone, there are some attributes that make an average reader really appreciate an excellent work of work. The first thing you should do is find a trustworthy copycat. The most commonly used plagiarism detection software should have enough features to catch plagiarism.While doing this, you should also research if your essay is unique in any way. You may want to see how similar it is to any other essay out there. Do not base your essay's topic or content around the same kind of topic that is being researched.There are lots of essay samples online for free. The best resource for you is a study guide with the answer to the essay questions. These help you organize your thoughts and make it more lucid.Your essay can be the best for you if you are able to make changes to it. It is possible to write more than one essay for different situations. You can mak e minor adjustments to each essay based on what changes would suit your needs.

Grendel A Philisophical Point Of View Essays - Beowulf, Geats

Grendel A Philisophical Point Of View Grendel follows the philosophical evolution, from solipsism to nihilism, of a socially isolated creature, a monster. It is an examination of human supernatural curiosity and its many dangers, specifically the tendency toward blind cynicism. Grendel is a censure of the rapid growth of this cynicism in twentieth century society and the consequent widespread distrust of abstract ideals. In investigating his own nature, the monster in the story destroys himself. He realizes that the universe is determined, accidental, and so he loses faith in his own importance. With time, he becomes a beast, until eventually his soul has wholly left him. He does not die for love, or for passion, or for freedom. His spirit dies instead simply, hopelessly, mired in boredom and anger, without courage or sadness. Grendel is dead long before his body fails him. He fades away, and the most important theme in this novel is that such self-destruction, though tempting, is not the only answer. Grendel's first defense against a brute universe is solipsism: the belief that the self can know only itself and that it is the only existent thing. As the novel clearly demonstrates, solipsism is a weak defense. However loudly a creature may declare its godhood, the universe continues to function independently. However a creature may deny the reality of outside factors, outside factors will continue to impose themselves upon his everyday existence. The main flaw in solipsism is that it contradicts every aspect of human experience. Grendel is justifiably unsatisfied and nervous under its tenuous cover. After his visit to the dragon, Grendel finds a more solid shield, nihilism: the belief that nothing has meaning; that life is a long series of accidents and is in itself an accident. As a philosophy, nihilism is complete. It provides an answer to every metaphysical why?. Whatever the concern, a nihilist can conclusively state, There is no way to truly know, but it does not matter anyway. As a system of values for a living being, however, nihilism leaves much to be desired. It destroys the self, quickly and totally, with a single fall of a cynical whip. Grendel is utterly unhappy, because his life is empty and devoid of meaning. Notice that he projects this meaningless onto the thanes. He ridicules their actions and their passions, rendering them absurd in the reader's eyes. In truth, Grendel has a certain respect for human beings. He envies their capacity to dissolve into pure belief, and most of the hostility he exhibits toward them is actually derived from hostility toward himself. The human hero Beowulf represents an alternative to hopeless nihilism and cynicism, an alternative that Grendel never finds. Beowulf is the embodiment of regeneration and purity. Though Grendel thinks he is insane, Beowulf is the only level mind in the entire novel. Beowulf completes the philosophical journey that shapes this novel by providing a perfect answer to Grendel's puzzle. The meaning of life is in its living. The justification of truth is in truth. The reason for beauty is beauty. It is too late for Grendel, however, as he has lost too much of himself. In the final battle he rejects Beowulf and all that the hero represents, and so Grendel's death, like his life, is merely an accident. Book Reports